"Cygan" meaning in Old Polish

See Cygan in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Proper name

IPA: /t͡sʲiɡaːn/ (note: 10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE), /t͡sʲiɡɒn/ (note: 15ᵗʰ CE) Forms: Cygan m animacy unattested [canonical]
Etymology: Etymology tree Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos)der.? Proto-Turkic *čï̄gań Kipchakder.? Old Polish Cygan Usually believed to be ultimately derived from Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”); see τσιγγάνος (tsingános) for further etymology. On the other hand, according to Marek Stachowski, the word entered the Slavic languages via Kipchak, ultimately from Proto-Turkic *čï̄gań (“poor”). First attested in 1401. Etymology templates: {{ety|zlw-opl|:der|grc:ἀθίγγανος<unc>|trk-kip:-<unc><ety:inh<trk-pro:*čï̄gań>>|tree=1}} Etymology tree Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos)der.? Proto-Turkic *čï̄gań Kipchakder.? Old Polish Cygan [Appendix:Glossary#derived_terms|Derived]] from", "terms" : [ { "is_uncertain" : true, "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Ancient Greek", "term" : "ἀθίγγανος", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "grc" }, { "is_uncertain" : true, "lang_name" : "Kipchak", "status" : "inline", "children" : [ { "terms" : [ { "children" : [ ], "lang_name" : "Proto-Turkic", "term" : "*čï̄gań", "status" : "missing", "lang" : "trk-pro" } ], "keyword_label" : "Inherited from", "keyword" : "inherited" } ], "lang" : "trk-kip" } ], "keyword" : "derived" } ], "lang_name" : "Old Polish", "term" : "Cygan", "status" : "ok", "lang" : "zlw-opl" }" data-lang="zlw-opl" data-title="Cygan">, {{yesno|1|d|D}} d, {{glossary|derived terms|derived}} derived, {{der|zlw-opl|grc|ἀθίγγανος||one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable|g=|g2=|g3=|id=|lit=|nocat=1|pos=|sc=|sort=|tr=|ts=}} Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”), {{der+|zlw-opl|grc|ἀθίγγανος|nocap=1|nocat=1|t=one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable}} derived from Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”), {{der|zlw-opl|trk-kip|nocat=1}} Kipchak, {{der|pl|trk-pro|*čï̄gań|nocat=1|t=poor}} Proto-Turkic *čï̄gań (“poor”), {{etydate|1401}} First attested in 1401 Head templates: {{zlw-opl-prop|m-an!}} Cygan m animacy unattested
  1. a male surname
    Sense id: en-Cygan-zlw-opl-name-IRlLAcDj Categories (other): Old Polish entries with etymology trees, Old Polish entries with etymon, Old Polish entries with incorrect language header, Old Polish male surnames, Old Polish surnames, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon, Pages using etymon with no ID, Pages with 2 entries, Pages with entries, Pages with etymology trees, Pages with etymon Disambiguation of Pages using etymon with no ID: 42 12 17 29 Disambiguation of Pages with 2 entries: 81 4 6 10 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 84 3 5 8 Disambiguation of Pages with etymology trees: 78 5 6 12 Disambiguation of Pages with etymon: 84 3 5 8
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      "lang": "Polish",
      "lang_code": "pl",
      "word": "Cygan"
    },
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      "lang": "Silesian",
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      "word": "Cygōn"
    }
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        "5": "one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable",
        "g": "",
        "g2": "",
        "g3": "",
        "id": "",
        "lit": "",
        "nocat": "1",
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        "sc": "",
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        "ts": ""
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        "t": "one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable"
      },
      "expansion": "derived from Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”)",
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      "args": {
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      "args": {
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  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "Cygan m animacy unattested",
      "tags": [
        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
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    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-an!"
      },
      "expansion": "Cygan m animacy unattested",
      "name": "zlw-opl-prop"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
          "parents": [],
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      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʲiɡɒn/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
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}
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        "nocat": "1",
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      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”)",
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        "t": "one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable"
      },
      "expansion": "derived from Ancient Greek ἀθίγγανος (athínganos, “one who doesn't want to be touched; untouchable”)",
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    {
      "args": {
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        "nocat": "1"
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    {
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        "2": "trk-pro",
        "3": "*čï̄gań",
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      "expansion": "Proto-Turkic *čï̄gań (“poor”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "1401"
      },
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    {
      "form": "Cygan m animacy unattested",
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        "canonical"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "m-an!"
      },
      "expansion": "Cygan m animacy unattested",
      "name": "zlw-opl-prop"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Old Polish",
  "lang_code": "zlw-opl",
  "pos": "name",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Old Polish entries with etymology trees",
        "Old Polish entries with etymon",
        "Old Polish entries with incorrect language header",
        "Old Polish lemmas",
        "Old Polish male surnames",
        "Old Polish masculine nouns",
        "Old Polish proper nouns",
        "Old Polish surnames",
        "Old Polish terms derived from Ancient Greek",
        "Old Polish terms derived from Kipchak languages",
        "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Hellenic",
        "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Old Polish terms derived from Proto-Turkic",
        "Old Polish terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *né",
        "Old Polish terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Pages using etymon with no ID",
        "Pages with 2 entries",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Pages with etymology trees",
        "Pages with etymon"
      ],
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      ],
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        [
          "surname",
          "surname"
        ]
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʲiɡaːn/",
      "note": "10ᵗʰ–15ᵗʰ CE"
    },
    {
      "ipa": "/t͡sʲiɡɒn/",
      "note": "15ᵗʰ CE"
    }
  ],
  "word": "Cygan"
}

Download raw JSONL data for Cygan meaning in Old Polish (4.3kB)

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  "trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n  a { color: #9e9eff; }\n  body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n  .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n  #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n  .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 510640034<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Sat, 18 Jul 2026 11:32:29 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}

{
  "called_from": "query_wikidata_json",
  "msg": "WIKIDATA QUERY failed",
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    "Template:der",
    "#invoke",
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    "Lua:Module:etymology/templates:derived()"
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  "section": "Old Polish",
  "subsection": "",
  "title": "Cygan",
  "trace": "<!DOCTYPE html>\n<html lang=\"en\">\n<meta charset=\"utf-8\">\n<title>Wikimedia Error</title>\n<style>\n* { margin: 0; padding: 0; }\nbody { background: #fff; font: 15px/1.6 sans-serif; color: #333; }\n.content { margin: 7% auto 0; padding: 2em 1em 1em; max-width: 640px; display: flex; flex-direction: row; flex-wrap: wrap; }\n.footer { clear: both; margin-top: 14%; border-top: 1px solid #e5e5e5; background: #f9f9f9; padding: 2em 0; font-size: 0.8em; text-align: center; }\nimg { margin: 0 2em 2em 0; }\na img { border: 0; }\nh1 { margin-top: 1em; font-size: 1.2em; }\n.content-text { flex: 1; }\np { margin: 0.7em 0 1em 0; }\na { color: #0645ad; text-decoration: none; }\na:hover { text-decoration: underline; }\ncode { font-family: sans-serif; }\nsummary { font-weight: bold; cursor: pointer; }\ndetails[open] { background: #970302; color: #dfdedd; }\n.text-muted { color: #777; }\n@media (prefers-color-scheme: dark) {\n  a { color: #9e9eff; }\n  body { background: transparent; color: #ddd; }\n  .footer { border-top: 1px solid #444; background: #060606; }\n  #logo { filter: invert(1) hue-rotate(180deg); }\n  .text-muted { color: #888; }\n}\n</style>\n<meta name=\"color-scheme\" content=\"light dark\">\n<div class=\"content\" role=\"main\">\n<a href=\"https://www.wikimedia.org\"><img id=\"logo\" src=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo.png\" srcset=\"https://www.wikimedia.org/static/images/wmf-logo-2x.png 2x\" alt=\"Wikimedia\" width=\"135\" height=\"101\">\n</a>\n<div class=\"content-text\">\n<h1>Error</h1>\n\n<p>Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81)</p>\n</div>\n</div>\n<div class=\"footer\"><p>If you report this error to the Wikimedia System Administrators, please include the details below.</p><p class=\"text-muted\"><code>Request served via cp3073 cp3073, Varnish XID 507631268<br>Upstream caches: cp3073 int<br>Error: 429, Your bot is making too many requests. Please reduce your request rate or contact bot-traffic@wikimedia.org (f263c81) at Sat, 18 Jul 2026 11:33:24 GMT<br><details><summary>Sensitive client information</summary>IP address: 91.207.79.37</details></code></p>\n</div>\n</html>\n"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Old Polish dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-07-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-07-06 using wiktextract (b70b34c and e7887d5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.